Line a baking sheet or 10-inch skillet with parchment paper.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, add the flour, salt, and baking soda. Mix for 2 to 3 rotations to combine.
Combine the buttermilk and sourdough discard until completely dissolved. Set aside the buttermilk mixture. Make sure the discard has fully dissolved or you may end up with gummy spots in your bread.
Cut the chilled butter into small cubes and add to your stand mixer. Mix until the mixture looks like wet sand (similar to if you make pie dough in your mixer!).
With the mixer on low, slowly pour in the buttermilk and sourdough discard mixture until the dough comes together, it will look like a sticky dough and not smooth.
Cover the bowl with a tea towel and let it rest for 10 to 15 minutes. This will allow the flour to thoroughly hydrate. After the rest period, the dough should feel less sticky and be easier to work with.
Preheat the oven to 425°F.
Dust a clean work surface with 1 tablespoon of flour (about 7 grams, but you can use more if needed). Turn your dough out onto your floured surface. Knead the dough 4 to 5 times until your dough looks smooth. Make sure your dough is smooth or your bread may end up with gummy spots.
Using the edge of your palms, round the dough into a tight ball. Transfer the dough on your prepared baking sheet or skillet.
With a bench scraper (or a sharp knife), cut the dough into quarters (like a deep cross or X). Cutting the dough through allows your loaf to bake completely in the center. Pinch the edges together so the dough bakes into a round loaf and doesn’t separate.
Bake the dough for 30 to 45 minutes or until the loaf is golden brown and registers at least 200°F when probed with an instant-read thermometer. (If you're baking at high altitude, be sure to check the Notes at the bottom of the recipe for high altitude baking instructions).
Let it cool completely before cutting for nice clean cuts.